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2019年11月20日 星期三

利未記25:23-34


25:23 「地不可永賣,因為地是我的;你們在我面前是客旅,是寄居的。
25:24
在你們所得為業的全地,也要准人將地贖回。
25:25
你的弟兄(弟兄是指本國人說;下同)若漸漸窮乏,賣了幾分地業,他至近的親屬就要來把弟兄所賣的贖回。
25:26
若沒有能給他贖回的,他自己漸漸富足,能夠贖回,
25:27
就要算出賣地的年數,把餘剩年數的價值還那買主,自己便歸回自己的地業。
25:28
倘若不能為自己得回所賣的,仍要存在買主的手裡直到禧年;到了禧年,地業要出買主的手,自己便歸回自己的地業。
25:29
「人若賣城內的住宅,賣了以後,一年之內可以贖回;在一整年,必有贖回的權柄。
25:30
若在一整年之內不贖回,這城內的房屋就定准永歸買主,世世代代為業;在禧年也不得出買主的手。
25:31
但房屋在無城牆的村莊裡,要看如鄉下的田地一樣,可以贖回;到了禧年,都要出買主的手。
25:32
然而利未人所得為業的城邑,其中的房屋,利未人可以隨時贖回。
25:33
若是一個利未人不將所賣的房屋贖回,是在所得為業的城內,到了禧年就要出買主的手,因為利未人城邑的房屋是他們在以色列人中的產業。
25:34
只是他們各城郊野之地不可賣,因為是他們永遠的產業。」

23 “‘The land must not be sold permanently, because the land is mine and you reside in my land as foreigners and strangers. 24 Throughout the land that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption of the land.
25 “‘If one of your fellow Israelites becomes poor and sells some of their property, their nearest relative is to come and redeem what they have sold. 26 If, however, there is no one to redeem it for them but later on they prosper and acquire sufficient means to redeem it themselves, 27 they are to determine the value for the years since they sold it and refund the balance to the one to whom they sold it; they can then go back to their own property. 28 But if they do not acquire the means to repay, what was sold will remain in the possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. It will be returned in the Jubilee, and they can then go back to their property.
29 “‘Anyone who sells a house in a walled city retains the right of redemption a full year after its sale. During that time the seller may redeem it. 30 If it is not redeemed before a full year has passed, the house in the walled city shall belong permanently to the buyer and the buyer’s descendants. It is not to be returned in the Jubilee. 31 But houses in villages without walls around them are to be considered as belonging to the open country. They can be redeemed, and they are to be returned in the Jubilee.
32 “‘The Levites always have the right to redeem their houses in the Levitical towns, which they possess. 33 So the property of the Levites is redeemable—that is, a house sold in any town they hold—and is to be returned in the Jubilee, because the houses in the towns of the Levites are their property among the Israelites. 34 But the pastureland belonging to their towns must not be sold; it is their permanent possession.

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    用現代人的法律觀念來定依這段經文,可以說是上帝的「房屋和土地法」。因為房屋和土地世人安身立命的地方,這可以說是重要的法律規範,尤其是對人的生活和生命有重大影響。

    土地是可以贖回的,甚至在禧年的時候,可以不花錢就贖回。在鄉間的房子,也和土地一般。然而城市的房子贖回期限是一年,沒有贖回就是永遠賣出了,還可以一代傳一代。但是,利未人不管房子和土地,不管鄉村或都市,都可以贖回。因為,「只是他們各城郊野之地不可賣,因為是他們永遠的產業。」

    這樣的「房屋和土地法」,是出於上帝的慈愛與恩惠,這樣也不會有炒地皮的人了,使人有田、有屋!

   

利未記25:18-22


25:18 「我的律例,你們要遵行,我的典章,你們要謹守,就可以在那地上安然居住。
25:19
地必出土產,你們就要吃飽,在那地上安然居住。
25:20
你們若說:『這第七年我們不耕種,也不收藏土產,吃甚麼呢?』
25:21
我必在第六年將我所命的福賜給你們,地便生三年的土產。
25:22
第八年,你們要耕種,也要吃陳糧,等到第九年出產收來的時候,你們還吃陳糧。」

18 “‘Follow my decrees and be careful to obey my laws, and you will live safely in the land. 19 Then the land will yield its fruit, and you will eat your fill and live there in safety. 20 You may ask, “What will we eat in the seventh year if we do not plant or harvest our crops?” 21 I will send you such a blessing in the sixth year that the land will yield enough for three years. 22 While you plant during the eighth year, you will eat from the old crop and will continue to eat from it until the harvest of the ninth year comes in.

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    上帝在這裡要解許多人的惑,尤其對那些認為安息年沒有耕作那來的糧食吃的人。上帝回答:「我必在第六年將我所命的福賜給你們,地便生三年的土產。第八年,你們要耕種,也要吃陳糧,等到第九年出產收來的時候,你們還吃陳糧。」

    這就像嗎哪,在安息日前一天可以取兩天的份,可以使人在安息日可以有食物吃。這也就是告訴我們,上帝凡事都有預備,我們所擔憂的,上帝都知道,他不會讓我們有缺乏的!

    所以,上帝向以色列人,也向我們說:「我的律例,你們要遵行,我的典章,你們要謹守,就可以在那地上安然居住。地必出土產,你們就要吃飽,在那地上安然居住。」

    也因為這樣詩人可以宣告:「耶和華是我的牧者,我必不致缺乏。」


2019年11月19日 星期二

利未記25:8-17


25:8 「你要計算七個安息年,就是七七年。這便為你成了七個安息年,共是四十九年。
25:9
當年七月初十日,你要大發角聲;這日就是贖罪日,要在遍地發出角聲。
25:10
第五十年,你們要當作聖年,在遍地給一切的居民宣告自由。這年必為你們的禧年,各人要歸自己的產業,各歸本家。
25:11
第五十年要作為你們的禧年。這年不可耕種;地中自長的,不可收割;沒有修理的葡萄樹也不可摘取葡萄。
25:12
因為這是禧年,你們要當作聖年,吃地中自出的土產。
25:13
「這禧年,你們各人要歸自己的地業。
25:14
你若賣甚麼給鄰舍,或是從鄰舍的手中買甚麼,彼此不可虧負。
25:15
你要按禧年以後的年數向鄰舍買;他也要按年數的收成賣給你。
25:16
年歲若多,要照數加添價值;年歲若少,要照數減去價值,因為他照收成的數目賣給你。
25:17
你們彼此不可虧負,只要敬畏你們的上帝,因為我是耶和華你們的上帝。」

“‘Count off seven sabbath years—seven times seven years—so that the seven sabbath years amount to a period of forty-nine years. Then have the trumpet sounded everywhere on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the Day of Atonement sound the trumpet throughout your land. 10 Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you; each of you is to return to your family property and to your own clan. 11 The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee for you; do not sow and do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the untended vines. 12 For it is a jubilee and is to be holy for you; eat only what is taken directly from the fields.
13 “‘In this Year of Jubilee everyone is to return to their own property.
14 “‘If you sell land to any of your own people or buy land from them, do not take advantage of each other. 15 You are to buy from your own people on the basis of the number of years since the Jubilee. And they are to sell to you on the basis of the number of years left for harvesting crops. 16 When the years are many, you are to increase the price, and when the years are few, you are to decrease the price, because what is really being sold to you is the number of crops. 17 Do not take advantage of each other, but fear your God. I am the Lord your God.

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    除了安息年之外,更重要的是禧年,也就是這裡所說的:「你要計算七個安息年,就是七七年。這便為你成了七個安息年,共是四十九年。當年七月初十日,你要大發角聲;這日就是贖罪日,要在遍地發出角聲。第五十年,你們要當作聖年,在遍地給一切的居民宣告自由。這年必為你們的禧年,各人要歸自己的產業,各歸本家。」

    所以,禧年是一個特別的年,也有救贖的意思,就像以賽亞書611-3節說:「主耶和華的靈在我身上;因為耶和華用膏膏我,叫我傳好信息給謙卑的人(或譯:傳福音給貧窮的人),差遣我醫好傷心的人,報告被擄的得釋放,被囚的出監牢;報告耶和華的恩年,和我們上帝報仇的日子;安慰一切悲哀的人,賜華冠與錫安悲哀的人,代替灰塵;喜樂油代替悲哀;讚美衣代替憂傷之靈;使他們稱為『公義樹』,是耶和華所栽的,叫他得榮耀。」

    這裡的「報告耶和華的恩年」,在《路加福音》主耶穌宣讀為「報告上帝悅納人的禧年」,讓我們在一次確定禧年的救贖意義,正如這裡經文所說,重新擁有自己所失去的!上帝的拯救,也是讓我們重新擁有與上帝有正確合宜的關係,因著耶穌基督!

   

利未記25:1-7


25:1 耶和華在西奈山對摩西說:
25:2
「你曉諭以色列人說:你們到了我所賜你們那地的時候,地就要向耶和華守安息。
25:3
六年要耕種田地,也要修理葡萄園,收藏地的出產。
25:4
第七年,地要守聖安息,就是向耶和華守的安息,不可耕種田地,也不可修理葡萄園。
25:5
遺落自長的莊稼不可收割;沒有修理的葡萄樹也不可摘取葡萄。這年,地要守聖安息。
25:6
地在安息年所出的,要給你和你的僕人、婢女、雇工人,並寄居的外人當食物。
25:7
這年的土產也要給你的牲畜和你地上的走獸當食物。」

The Lord said to Moses at Mount Sinai, “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you, the land itself must observe a sabbath to the Lord. For six years sow your fields, and for six years prune your vineyards and gather their crops. But in the seventh year the land is to have a year of sabbath rest, a sabbath to the Lord. Do not sow your fields or prune your vineyards. Do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the grapes of your untended vines. The land is to have a year of rest. Whatever the land yields during the sabbath year will be food for you—for yourself, your male and female servants, and the hired worker and temporary resident who live among you, as well as for your livestock and the wild animals in your land. Whatever the land produces may be eaten.

***************

    人的觀念之中是多而又多,不斷地奪取,能利用就盡量利用,就是要得著最大的利益,從來沒有想到大自然也需要休養生息,才可以永永遠遠,永不枯竭的讓人使用。

    所以,上帝要求以色列人要有安息年的觀念與做法,就像人工作六日要有一個安息日;同樣,土地資源的利用也是如此,使用了六年之後,要休耕一年,讓土地得以滋養。

    當然,這一年雖然沒有撒種和耕種,仍然會從地裡長出一些「土產」,是用來幫助弱勢的人。正如經所說:「遺落自長的莊稼不可收割;沒有修理的葡萄樹也不可摘取葡萄。地在安息年所出的,要給你和你的僕人、婢女、雇工人,並寄居的外人當食物。這年的土產也要給你的牲畜和你地上的走獸當食物。」

    這一切讓我們感受到,上帝是保守顧惜的上帝,也因為這樣,以色列人就成了蒙福的民族!