This is what happened
during the time of Xerxes,[a] the Xerxes who ruled over 127 provinces
stretching from India to Cush[b]:2 At that time King Xerxes
reigned from his royal throne in the citadel of Susa,3 and in the third year of his
reign he gave a banquet for all his nobles and officials. The military leaders
of Persia and Media, the princes, and the nobles of the provinces were present.
4 For a full 180 days he displayed the vast wealth of his kingdom and
the splendor and glory of his majesty.5 When these days were over,
the king gave a banquet, lasting seven days, in the enclosed garden of the
king’s palace, for all the people from the least to the greatest who were in
the citadel of Susa.6 The
garden had hangings of white and blue linen, fastened with cords of white linen
and purple material to silver rings on marble pillars. There were couches of
gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl and
other costly stones.7 Wine
was served in goblets of gold, each one different from the other, and the royal
wine was abundant, in keeping with the king’s liberality.8 By the king’s command each
guest was allowed to drink with no restrictions, for the king instructed all
the wine stewards to serve each man what he wished.
9 Queen Vashti also gave a banquet for the women in the royal palace
of King Xerxes.
10 On the seventh day, when King Xerxes was in high spirits from wine,
he commanded the seven eunuchs who served him—Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha,
Abagtha, Zethar and Karkas—11 to bring before him Queen
Vashti, wearing her royal crown, in order to display her beauty to the people
and nobles, for she was lovely to look at.12 But when the attendants delivered the king’s
command, Queen Vashti refused to come. Then the king became furious and burned
with anger.
13 Since it was customary for the king to consult experts in matters of
law and justice, he spoke with the wise men who understood the times14 and were
closest to the king—Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena and
Memukan, the seven nobles of Persia and Media who had special access to the
king and were highest in the kingdom.
15 “According to law, what must be done to Queen Vashti?” he asked.
“She has not obeyed the command of King Xerxes that the eunuchs have taken to
her.”
16 Then Memukan replied in the presence of the king and the nobles,
“Queen Vashti has done wrong, not only against the king but also against all
the nobles and the peoples of all the provinces of King Xerxes.17 For the
queen’s conduct will become known to all the women, and so they will despise
their husbands and say, ‘King Xerxes commanded Queen Vashti to be brought
before him, but she would not come.’18 This very day the Persian and Median women of the
nobility who have heard about the queen’s conduct will respond to all the
king’s nobles in the same way. There will be no end of disrespect and discord.
19 “Therefore, if it pleases the king, let him issue a royal decree and
let it be written in the laws of Persia and Media, which cannot be repealed,
that Vashti is never again to enter the presence of King Xerxes. Also let the
king give her royal position to someone else who is better than she.20 Then when
the king’s edict is proclaimed throughout all his vast realm, all the women
will respect their husbands, from the least to the greatest.”
21 The king and his nobles were pleased with this advice, so the king
did as Memukan proposed.22 He sent dispatches to all
parts of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in
their own language, proclaiming that every man should be ruler over his own
household, using his native tongue.
Then
Agrippa said to Paul, “You have permission to speak for yourself.”
So
Paul motioned with his hand and began his defense: 2 “King
Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate to stand before you today as I make my
defense against all the accusations of the Jews, 3 and
especially so because you are well acquainted with all the Jewish customs and
controversies. Therefore, I beg you to listen to me patiently.
4 “The
Jewish people all know the way I have lived ever since I was a child, from the
beginning of my life in my own country, and also in Jerusalem. 5 They
have known me for a long time and can testify, if they are willing, that I
conformed to the strictest sect of our religion, living as a Pharisee. 6 And
now it is because of my hope in what God has promised our ancestors that I am
on trial today. 7 This is the promise our twelve tribes are
hoping to see fulfilled as they earnestly serve God day and night. King
Agrippa, it is because of this hope that these Jews are accusing me. 8 Why
should any of you consider it incredible that God raises the dead?
9 “I
too was convinced that I ought to do all that was possible to oppose the name
of Jesus of Nazareth. 10 And that is just what I did in
Jerusalem. On the authority of the chief priests I put many of the Lord’s
people in prison, and when they were put to death, I cast my vote against them.
11 Many a time I went from one synagogue to another to have
them punished, and I tried to force them to blaspheme. I was so obsessed with
persecuting them that I even hunted them down in foreign cities.
12 “On
one of these journeys I was going to Damascus with the authority and commission
of the chief priests. 13 About noon, King Agrippa, as I was on
the road, I saw a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, blazing around me
and my companions. 14 We all fell to the ground, and I heard a
voice saying to me in Aramaic,[a] ‘Saul,
Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’
15 “Then
I asked, ‘Who are you, Lord?’
“ ‘I
am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,’ the Lord replied. 16 ‘Now
get up and stand on your feet. I have appeared to you to appoint you as a
servant and as a witness of what you have seen and will see of me. 17 I
will rescue you from your own people and from the Gentiles. I am sending you to
them 18 to open their eyes and turn them from darkness to
light, and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness
of sins and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’
19 “So
then, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the vision from heaven. 20 First
to those in Damascus, then to those in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and then to
the Gentiles, I preached that they should repent and turn to God and
demonstrate their repentance by their deeds. 21 That is why
some Jews seized me in the temple courts and tried to kill me. 22 But
God has helped me to this very day; so I stand here and testify to small and
great alike. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would
happen— 23 that the Messiah would suffer and, as the first to
rise from the dead, would bring the message of light to his own people and to
the Gentiles.”
24 At
this point Festus interrupted Paul’s defense. “You are out of your mind, Paul!”
he shouted. “Your great learning is driving you insane.”
25 “I
am not insane, most excellent Festus,” Paul replied. “What I am saying is true
and reasonable. 26 The king is familiar with these things, and
I can speak freely to him. I am convinced that none of this has escaped his
notice, because it was not done in a corner. 27 King Agrippa,
do you believe the prophets? I know you do.”
28 Then
Agrippa said to Paul, “Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade
me to be a Christian?”
29 Paul
replied, “Short time or long—I pray to God that not only you but all who are
listening to me today may become what I am, except for these chains.”
30 The
king rose, and with him the governor and Bernice and those sitting with them. 31 After
they left the room, they began saying to one another, “This man is not doing
anything that deserves death or imprisonment.”
32 Agrippa
said to Festus, “This man could have been set free if he had not appealed to
Caesar.”