利未記5:1-13

5:1 「若有人聽見發誓的聲音（或譯：若有人聽見叫人發誓的聲音），他本是見證，卻不把所看見的、所知道的說出來，這就是罪；他要擔當他的罪孽。
5:2 或是有人摸了不潔的物，無論是不潔的死獸，是不潔的死畜，是不潔的死蟲，他卻不知道，因此成了不潔，就有了罪。
5:3 或是他摸了別人的污穢，無論是染了甚麼污穢，他卻不知道，一知道了就有了罪。
5:4 或是有人嘴裡冒失發誓，要行惡，要行善，無論人在甚麼事上冒失發誓，他卻不知道，一知道了就要在這其中的一件上有了罪。
5:5 他有了罪的時候，就要承認所犯的罪，
5:6 並要因所犯的罪，把他的贖愆祭牲─就是羊群中的母羊，或是一隻羊羔，或是一隻山羊─牽到耶和華面前為贖罪祭。至於他的罪，祭司要為他贖了。
5:7 「他的力量若不夠獻一隻羊羔，就要因所犯的罪，把兩隻斑鳩或是兩隻雛鴿帶到耶和華面前為贖愆祭：一隻作贖罪祭，一隻作燔祭。
5:8 把這些帶到祭司那裡，祭司就要先把那贖罪祭獻上，從鳥的頸項上揪下頭來，只是不可把鳥撕斷，
5:9 也把些贖罪祭牲的血彈在壇的旁邊，剩下的血要流在壇的腳那裡；這是贖罪祭。
5:10 他要照例獻第二隻為燔祭。至於他所犯的罪，祭司要為他贖了，他必蒙赦免。
5:11 「他的力量若不夠獻兩隻斑鳩或是兩隻雛鴿，就要因所犯的罪帶供物來，就是細麵伊法十分之一為贖罪祭；不可加上油，也不可加上乳香，因為是贖罪祭。
5:12 他要把供物帶到祭司那裡，祭司要取出自己的一把來作為紀念，按獻給耶和華火祭的條例燒在壇上；這是贖罪祭。
5:13 至於他在這幾件事中所犯的罪，祭司要為他贖了，他必蒙赦免。剩下的麵都歸與祭司，和素祭一樣。」

“‘If anyone sins because they do not speak up when they hear a public charge to testify regarding something they have seen or learned about, they will be held responsible.

² “‘If anyone becomes aware that they are guilty—if they unwittingly touch anything ceremonially unclean (whether the carcass of an unclean animal, wild or domestic, or of any unclean creature that moves along the ground) and they are unaware that they have become unclean, but then they come to realize their guilt; ³ or if they touch human uncleanness (anything that would make them unclean) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realize their guilt; ⁴ or if anyone thoughtlessly takes an oath to do anything, whether good or evil (in any matter one might carelessly swear about) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realize their guilt— ⁵ when anyone becomes aware that they are guilty in any of these matters, they must confess in what way they have sinned. ⁶ As a penalty for the sin they have committed, they must bring to the Lord a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering^[a]; and the priest shall make atonement for them for their sin.

⁷ “‘Anyone who cannot afford a lamb is to bring two doves or two young pigeons to the Lord as a penalty for their sin—one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. ⁸ They are to bring them to the priest, who shall first offer the one for the sin offering. He is to wring its head from its neck, not dividing it completely, ⁹ and is to splash some of the blood of the sin offering against the side of the altar; the rest of the blood must be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering. ¹⁰ The priest shall then offer the other as a burnt offering in the prescribed way and make atonement for them for the sin they have committed, and they will be forgiven.

¹¹ “‘If, however, they cannot afford two doves or two young pigeons, they are to bring as an offering for their sin a tenth of an ephah^[b] of the finest flour for a sin offering. They must not put olive oil or incense on it, because it is a sin offering. ¹² They are to bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful of it as a memorial^[c] portion and burn it on the altar on top of the food offerings presented to the Lord. It is a sin offering. ¹³ In this way the priest will make atonement for them for any of these sins they have committed, and they will be forgiven. The rest of the offering will belong to the priest, as in the case of the grain offering.’”

*************

    人會迷糊和無知，但是上帝不會。但是上帝允許人因為無知之下所犯的罪，仍然可以事後贖罪。而該補償的仍然要補償，雖然能力不足，仍然要照自己所能做得盡量去做，上帝依然是悅納的！

    這裡這樣的要求，除了針對無知或迷糊的狀態，更是要防止人將罪過推諉給自己的無知，不肯好好面對自己的軟弱。因為有獻上祭物，就無法掩藏自己的不是，等於將自己的不是攤開來，無所遁形！如此，不僅可以使自己脫離罪惡，更可以警誡別人。

     而罪不僅是行為上做了不該做的事情，更重要的是罪的意義是：得罪上帝！而這得罪就破壞了上帝與人的關係，使人與上帝所賜的福份遠離。而上帝要以色列人為罪獻祭，就是要修補關係，預表基督的救贖。今日我們雖然不用獻上祭牲，但是耶穌基督卻成了人與上帝之間的贖罪祭，修護破裂的關係。