2020年2月4日 星期二

民數記27:1-11


27:1 屬約瑟的兒子瑪拿西的各族,有瑪拿西的玄孫,瑪吉的曾孫,基列的孫子,希弗的兒子西羅非哈的女兒,名叫瑪拉、挪阿、曷拉、密迦、得撒。她們前來,
27:2
站在會幕門口,在摩西和祭司以利亞撒,並眾首領與全會眾面前,說:
27:3
「我們的父親死在曠野。他不與可拉同黨聚集攻擊耶和華,是在自己罪中死的;他也沒有兒子。
27:4
為甚麼因我們的父親沒有兒子就把他的名從他族中除掉呢?求你們在我們父親的弟兄中分給我們產業。」
27:5
於是,摩西將她們的案件呈到耶和華面前。
27:6
耶和華曉諭摩西說:
27:7
「西羅非哈的女兒說得有理。你定要在她們父親的弟兄中,把地分給她們為業;要將她們父親的產業歸給她們。
27:8
你也要曉諭以色列人說:『人若死了沒有兒子,就要把他的產業歸給他的女兒。
27:9
他若沒有女兒,就要把他的產業給他的弟兄。
27:10
他若沒有弟兄,就要把他的產業給他父親的弟兄。
27:11
他父親若沒有弟兄,就要把他的產業給他族中最近的親屬,他便要得為業。』這要作以色列人的律例典章,是照耶和華吩咐摩西的。」

  The daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Makir, the son of Manasseh, belonged to the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph. The names of the daughters were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah and Tirzah. They came forward and stood before Moses, Eleazar the priest, the leaders and the whole assembly at the entrance to the tent of meeting and said, “Our father died in the wilderness. He was not among Korah’s followers, who banded together against the Lord, but he died for his own sin and left no sons. Why should our father’s name disappear from his clan because he had no son? Give us property among our father’s relatives.”
So Moses brought their case before the Lord, and the Lord said to him, “What Zelophehad’s daughters are saying is right. You must certainly give them property as an inheritance among their father’s relatives and give their father’s inheritance to them.
“Say to the Israelites, ‘If a man dies and leaves no son, give his inheritance to his daughter. If he has no daughter, give his inheritance to his brothers. 10 If he has no brothers, give his inheritance to his father’s brothers. 11 If his father had no brothers, give his inheritance to the nearest relative in his clan, that he may possess it. This is to have the force of law for the Israelites, as the Lord commanded Moses.’”

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    一般人的認為產業只傳子不傳女,在這裡有傳女的案例。不過傳女是因為沒有子嗣,通常這樣的情形在台灣也有。傳女的時候,通常會用招贅的方式來結婚,好是財產不落入外姓的人。而以色列人和我們一樣的觀念,土地是屬於家族的,不可以流於外人手中。

    而婚姻之所已有法律上的問題,主要是載繼承權問題,而在法律上通常也是以土地是有家族性的觀念來處理。也因為這樣,必須先有家族的資格才能承受地土。

    同樣在信仰上也有「子嗣」的問題,我們必須要先成為上帝家中的人,才有資格承受上帝的國。然而我們信主耶穌之後就可以處得子嗣的資格,正如保羅所說:「你們既為兒子,上帝就差他兒子的靈進入你們(原文是我們)的心,呼叫:『阿爸!父!』可見,從此以後,你不是奴僕,乃是兒子了;既是兒子,就靠著上帝為後嗣。」(加拉太書4:6-7

    所以,我們要確信聖經給我們的應許:「凡接待他的,就是信他名的人,他就賜他們權柄作上帝的兒女。這等人不是從血氣生的,不是從情慾生的,也不是從人意生的,乃是從上帝生的。」(約翰福音1:12-13



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